C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Practice Questions - Set 1 - Part 2

Correct Answer: Hasty generalization

A hasty generalization is a fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn based on insufficient evidence.

Correct Answer: Seeking information that supports one’s beliefs

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs.

Correct Answer: Non sequitur

A non sequitur is a conclusion that does not logically follow from the previous premises or statements.

Correct Answer: False analogy

A false analogy is a fallacy that occurs when two situations are compared based on irrelevant similarities, leading to false conclusions.

Correct Answer: Red herring

A red herring distracts from the topic at hand by introducing a different issue that is easier to address.

Correct Answer: Providing logical reasoning

Providing logical reasoning strengthens an argument by ensuring that it is based on clear thought processes rather than just opinion.

Correct Answer: Citation of evidence

Citing credible sources helps to validate arguments and provides authority to the claims made.

Correct Answer: Oversimplification

Oversimplification assumes that there is a single cause for a complex effect, ignoring other contributing factors.

Correct Answer: Cherry-picking

Cherry-picking involves selectively presenting evidence that supports a case while ignoring contradictory evidence.

Correct Answer: Contradiction

A contradiction occurs when a conclusion cannot logically follow from the premises, invalidating the argument.

Correct Answer: Emotional appeal

Emotional appeal persuades the audience by evoking strong feelings, rather than relying solely on logic or evidence.

Correct Answer: Authority appeal

Authority appeal refers to the tactic of relying on the assertions of an expert to validate a claim.

Correct Answer: Premises lead to the conclusion

In a valid argument, the premises provide the support needed to reach the conclusion logically.

Correct Answer: Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning allows one to form general conclusions based on specific examples or observations.

Correct Answer: Contradictory argument

An argument with contradictory premises is inherently flawed, leading to a situation where no coherent conclusion can be drawn.

Correct Answer: Fear of extreme consequences

A slippery slope argument attempts to discredit a position by suggesting that it will lead to an extreme and undesirable outcome without sufficient evidence.

Correct Answer: Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning involves drawing broad conclusions based on a limited set of observations or sample data.

Correct Answer: Begging the question

Begging the question is a fallacy where the conclusion is assumed in the premises, creating a circular argument.

Correct Answer: Abductive reasoning

Abductive reasoning evaluates hypotheses and selects the most plausible explanation based on the available evidence.

Correct Answer: False analogy

A false analogy fallacy occurs when an argument is made based on an invalid comparison between two dissimilar situations or ideas.