C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Practice Questions - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Hypothetical reasoning

Hypothetical reasoning is often used in scientific research to develop testable hypotheses based on observations.

Correct Answer: Fallacy of composition

The fallacy of composition is the assumption that what is true for individual parts must also be true for the whole.

Correct Answer: Proof by contradiction

Proof by contradiction seeks to establish the truth of a statement by assuming the opposite and demonstrating a contradiction.

Correct Answer: Strawman fallacy

A strawman fallacy misrepresents an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.

Correct Answer: Baseless assumption

A base-less assumption is a logical misstep where one draws a conclusion without sufficient evidence or reasoning.

Correct Answer: Causal reasoning

Causal reasoning establishes a relationship between cause and effect, suggesting that if one event occurs, it is the result of another that preceded it.

Correct Answer: Oversimplification

Oversimplification misrepresents a complex situation as having only two possible outcomes, typically a good or bad choice.

Correct Answer: Appeal to ignorance

An appeal to ignorance shifts the burden of proof onto one side, suggesting that a claim must be true because it hasn't been disproven.

Correct Answer: Ad hominem

The ad hominem fallacy occurs when the argument is countered by attacking the person's character rather than addressing the argument.

Correct Answer: Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning applies general principles to arrive at specific conclusions.