C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Practice Questions - Set 2 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Report

A report provides information without reasoning or evidence. Premises support conclusions, arguments involve reasoning, and assumptions are unstated supports for conclusions.

Correct Answer: Hypothetical reasoning

Hypothetical reasoning involves forming and testing a hypothesis to verify its accuracy. Deductive reasoning leads to certain conclusions, while analogical reasoning and inductive reasoning are different methods.

Correct Answer: Mill's Method of Comcomitant Variation

Mill’s Method of Comcomitant Variation identifies relationships based on observed continuous changes. The other methods use different approaches to causal reasoning.

Correct Answer: Appeal to the people

The appeal to the people fallacy claims something is true because it is widely supported. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning draws probable conclusions based on evidence. Deductive reasoning leads to certain conclusions, while causal and analogical reasoning are specific approaches to reasoning.

Correct Answer: Reasoning

Reasoning is the mental process of drawing conclusions based on reasons. Assumptions are taken for granted, inferences are conclusions, and correlation refers to relationships between events.

Correct Answer: Begging the question

Begging the question occurs when an argument assumes the point it is trying to prove. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Conditional

A conditional statement involves an "if-then" structure. Premises support conclusions, assumptions are taken for granted, and correlation refers to relationships between events.

Correct Answer: Non-argument

A non-argument lacks reasoning despite containing supporting statements. Reports provide information, while enthymemes contain unstated premises, and assumptions are taken for granted.

Correct Answer: Straw person

The straw person fallacy misrepresents an argument to refute it easily. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Necessary condition

A necessary condition is required for an effect to occur, while a sufficient condition guarantees the effect. Proximal cause is the immediate cause, and assumptions are taken for granted.

Correct Answer: Report

A report provides unsupported information or facts without reasoning. Descriptions aim to create a mental image, while arguments involve reasoning and assumptions are unstated supports.

Correct Answer: Ad hominem

An ad hominem fallacy attacks the person rather than the argument. The other options are different types of logical fallacies.

Correct Answer: Enumerative induction

Enumerative induction draws conclusions about a population based on a representative sample.

Correct Answer: Critical thinking

Critical thinking involves examining beliefs and assumptions to improve understanding. Sociocentrism and egocentrism involve biased views, while emotional reasoning is not systematic.

Correct Answer: Description

A description conveys information without supporting reasoning. A premise supports a conclusion, while arguments involve reasoning and inferences are drawn conclusions.

Correct Answer: Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning seeks to reach conclusions that cannot be false if the premises are true. Inductive reasoning leads to probable conclusions, while correlation refers to relationships between events and assumptions are taken for granted.

Correct Answer: Enthymeme

An enthymeme is an argument that contains at least one unstated premise. A report provides information without reasoning, while non-arguments lack reasoning, and assumptions are taken for granted.

Correct Answer: Red herring

A red herring fallacy introduces an irrelevant topic to distract from the main issue. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Hypothetical reasoning

Hypothetical reasoning tests hypotheses to verify their accuracy. Deductive reasoning leads to certain conclusions, while analogical and causal reasoning are different approaches.