C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Practice Questions - Set 3 - Part 2

Correct Answer: Causal reasoning

Causal reasoning draws conclusions based on cause-and-effect relationships. Deductive and inductive reasoning are broader methods, while analogical reasoning involves drawing comparisons.

Correct Answer: Post hoc fallacy

The post hoc fallacy assumes causation based solely on the sequence of events. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning infers general conclusions from specific cases. Deductive reasoning leads to certain conclusions, while analogical and causal reasoning involve different methods of analysis.

Correct Answer: Enthymeme

An enthymeme is an argument with at least one unstated premise. Non-arguments lack reasoning, reports provide information, and descriptions aim to create a mental image.

Correct Answer: Reports

Reports provide unsupported information without reasoning. Premises support conclusions, assumptions are unstated beliefs, and arguments involve reasoning.

Correct Answer: Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning seeks to reach conclusions based on general principles or rules. Inductive reasoning works from specific cases, while analogical reasoning draws comparisons and causal reasoning focuses on cause-effect relationships.

Correct Answer: Straw person

A straw person fallacy misrepresents an opponent's argument to make it easier to refute. The other options represent different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Reasoning

Reasoning is the mental process of drawing conclusions based on reasons. Inferences are conclusions, premises support reasoning, and correlation refers to relationships between events.

Correct Answer: Ad hominem

An ad hominem fallacy attacks the individual making the argument rather than the argument itself. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: False dichotomy

A false dichotomy presents limited alternatives as if they are the only options when others are available. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Analogical reasoning

Analogical reasoning infers characteristics based on similarities between two things. Deductive reasoning leads to certain conclusions while inductive reasoning infers general principles from specific cases, and causal reasoning focuses on drawing cause-and-effect conclusions.

Correct Answer: Begging the question

Begging the question occurs when an argument assumes the conclusion it is trying to prove. The other options are various types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: d) Statement

A statement is a sentence that can be either true or false. Inferences are conclusions, assumptions are taken for granted, and premises support conclusions.

Correct Answer: b) Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning seeks to infer general conclusions based on specific cases. Deductive reasoning works from general principles, while analogical and causal reasoning involve comparisons and cause-effect analysis.

Correct Answer: a) Division

The fallacy of division assumes that what is true for the whole is true for its parts. Composition assumes the reverse, while the other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: b) Hypothetical reasoning

Hypothetical reasoning involves forming and testing hypotheses. Deductive and inductive reasoning are broader methods, while causal reasoning analyzes cause-effect relationships.

Correct Answer: a) Red herring

A red herring fallacy distracts from the main issue by introducing irrelevant information. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: c) Causal reasoning

Causal reasoning draws conclusions based on cause-and-effect relationships. Deductive and inductive reasoning are broader methods, while analogical reasoning involves comparisons.

Correct Answer: b) Personal observation

Personal observation can be influenced by biases, values, and expectations. Inferences are conclusions, premises support reasoning, and deduction is a method of reasoning.

Correct Answer: a) Report

A report conveys unsupported information without reasoning. Assumptions are unstated supports, arguments contain reasoning, and descriptions create a mental image.