C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Practice Questions - Set 4 - Part 1

Correct Answer: b) Premise

A premise is a statement that provides reasons or evidence to support a conclusion. Reports convey information, assumptions are unstated beliefs, and inferences are conclusions.

Correct Answer: c) Conclusion

A conclusion is the statement in an argument that is supported by premises. Inferences are conclusions drawn from reasoning, and assumptions are unstated beliefs.

Correct Answer: a) Post hoc fallacy

The post hoc fallacy assumes causation based on one event following another. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: b) Hypothetical reasoning

Hypothetical reasoning involves forming and testing hypotheses to verify their accuracy. Deductive and inductive reasoning are broader methods, while analogical reasoning involves drawing comparisons.

Correct Answer: a) Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning applies a general rule to a specific case to draw a conclusion. Inductive reasoning works from specific cases, while analogical and causal reasoning involve comparisons and cause-effect analysis.

Correct Answer: a) Enthymeme

An enthymeme contains at least one unstated premise. Non-arguments lack reasoning, reports convey information, and assumptions are unstated supports for reasoning.

Correct Answer: b) Straw person

The straw person fallacy involves misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to refute. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: c) Self-reflection

Self-reflection involves examining one's own thoughts, beliefs, and assumptions. Critical thinking is broader, while deductive reasoning and inferences involve reasoning.

Correct Answer: c) Correlation

Correlation refers to patterns of relationships between events without assuming causation. Causal reasoning assumes cause-and-effect relationships, while inductive and deductive reasoning are broader methods.

Correct Answer: b) Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning seeks to infer general conclusions based on specific observations. Deductive reasoning works from general principles, while causal and analogical reasoning involve cause-effect and comparison analysis.

Correct Answer: a) False dichotomy

A false dichotomy presents only two alternatives, ignoring other possibilities. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: c) Hypothetical reasoning

Hypothetical reasoning tests and verifies hypotheses to determine their validity. Inductive and deductive reasoning are broader methods, while analogical reasoning involves comparisons.

Correct Answer: c) Inferences

Inferences are conclusions drawn from reasoning. Premises support conclusions, assumptions are unstated beliefs, and statements are sentences that can be true or false.

Correct Answer: b) Report

A report provides information but lacks reasoning. Premises support reasoning, enthymemes contain unstated premises, and assumptions are taken for granted.

Correct Answer: a) Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning draws certain conclusions from premises that are assumed to be true. Inductive reasoning leads to probable conclusions, while analogical and hypothetical reasoning involve comparisons and hypothesis testing.

Correct Answer: c) Begging the question

Begging the question assumes the conclusion without providing evidence. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: b) Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning seeks to draw general conclusions from specific instances. Deductive reasoning works in the opposite direction, while analogical and causal reasoning involve comparisons and cause-effect analysis.

Correct Answer: a) Red herring

A red herring fallacy distracts from the main issue by introducing irrelevant information. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: c) Hypothetical reasoning

Hypothetical reasoning involves testing a hypothesis to determine its accuracy. Inductive and deductive reasoning are broader methods, while analogical reasoning involves comparisons.

Correct Answer: b) Premise

A premise provides reasons to support a conclusion. Reports provide information without reasoning, assumptions are unstated beliefs, and inferences are conclusions drawn from reasoning.