C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Practice Questions - Set 5 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Inference

An inference is a conclusion drawn from premises that support it. Deductive reasoning applies a general rule, and hypothetical reasoning involves testing hypotheses, while critical thinking involves evaluating arguments.

Correct Answer: Ad hominem

The ad hominem fallacy attacks the person instead of the argument. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning uses specific cases to draw general conclusions. Deductive reasoning applies general rules, while causal and analogical reasoning involve cause-effect and comparisons.

Correct Answer: False dichotomy

A false dichotomy presents two choices as if they are the only options. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Inferences

Inferences are conclusions drawn from premises. Assumptions are unstated beliefs, premises support conclusions, and statements can be true or false.

Correct Answer: Analogical reasoning

Analogical reasoning draws conclusions based on similarities between two things. Deductive and inductive reasoning are broader methods, while causal reasoning seeks to identify cause-effect relationships.

Correct Answer: Post hoc fallacy

The post hoc fallacy assumes causation based on the sequence of events. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Hypothetical reasoning

Hypothetical reasoning involves forming and testing a hypothesis to verify its accuracy. Deductive and inductive reasoning are broader methods, while causal reasoning analyzes cause-effect relationships.

Correct Answer: Premises

Premises provide support for conclusions in an argument. Assumptions are unstated beliefs, inferences are conclusions, and reports provide information.

Correct Answer: Straw person

The straw person fallacy involves misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to refute. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Critical thinking

Critical thinking involves systematically evaluating arguments and reasoning. Deductive and inductive reasoning are broader methods, while hypothetical reasoning tests hypotheses.

Correct Answer: False dichotomy

A false dichotomy presents a limited set of options as if they are the only alternatives. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Causal reasoning

Causal reasoning seeks to infer conclusions based on cause-and-effect relationships. Deductive and inductive reasoning are broader methods, while analogical reasoning draws conclusions based on comparisons.

Correct Answer: Enthymeme

An enthymeme contains at least one unstated premise. Non-arguments lack reasoning, reports convey information, and assumptions are unstated supports.

Correct Answer: Red herring

A red herring fallacy distracts from the main issue by introducing irrelevant information. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Hypothetical reasoning

Hypothetical reasoning tests and evaluates a hypothesis. Deductive and inductive reasoning are broader methods, while analogical reasoning involves comparisons.

Correct Answer: Assumptions

Assumptions are unstated beliefs that support reasoning. Premises are stated supports, inferences are conclusions, and reports provide information.

Correct Answer: Begging the question

Begging the question assumes the conclusion without providing evidence. The other options are different types of fallacies.

Correct Answer: Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning seeks to infer general conclusions from specific cases. Deductive reasoning applies general principles, while analogical and causal reasoning involve comparisons and cause-effect analysis.

Correct Answer: Composition

The composition fallacy assumes that what is true for the parts is true for the whole. Division assumes the reverse, while the other options are different types of fallacies.