C190 Introduction to Biology Practice Questions - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Active transport requires energy, while diffusion refers to solute movement.

Correct Answer: Point mutation

A point mutation involves the change of a single nucleotide, which can result in an altered amino acid sequence. Frameshift mutations occur due to insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame.

Correct Answer: Crossing over

Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis, allowing homologous chromosomes to exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity. Independent assortment refers to the random distribution of homologous chromosomes.

Correct Answer: Mitosis

Mitosis follows the G2 phase and involves the division of the nucleus. Cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, occurs after mitosis. The S phase is for DNA replication, and G1 phase is for cell growth.

Correct Answer: They provide insulation and energy storage

Lipids store energy and provide insulation. They are not soluble in water, do not store genetic information (nucleic acids do), and are not enzymes (proteins are).

Correct Answer: Sister chromatids are pulled apart

During anaphase, sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell. Chromosome condensation happens in prophase, alignment occurs in metaphase, and the nuclear envelope breaks down in prophase.

Correct Answer: G2 phase

The G2 phase involves preparation for mitosis and checking for any DNA errors that may have occurred during replication in the S phase. G1 is the initial growth phase, and M phase is mitosis.

Correct Answer: Meiosis

Meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid cells through two rounds of division. Mitosis produces two identical diploid cells, while binary fission and budding are forms of asexual reproduction.

Correct Answer: Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and lipids are components of membranes.

Correct Answer: Anaphase II

Anaphase II of meiosis involves the separation of sister chromatids, similar to what happens during anaphase in mitosis. Anaphase I separates homologous chromosomes.