C190 Introduction to Biology Practice Questions - Set 2 - Part 1

Correct Answer: C) Hydrogen bond

Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds between the hydrogen atom in one water molecule and the oxygen atom in another, contributing to water's cohesive properties.

Correct Answer: D) Inability to process energy

Living organisms have the ability to process energy (metabolism), whereas an inability to do so is not a characteristic of life.

Correct Answer: C) Lipids

Lipids, specifically phospholipids, form the bilayer of the cell membrane, which regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Correct Answer: B) Ecology

Ecology is the branch of biology that studies interactions among organisms and their physical environment.

Correct Answer: C) G1 phase

Cells spend most of their life in the G1 phase, growing and carrying out regular functions. M phase is when mitosis occurs, and S phase is when DNA replication happens.

Correct Answer: C) Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, where they are assembled into a polypeptide chain.

Correct Answer: B) Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are organelles found only in plant cells and some protists, where they conduct photosynthesis. The other structures are found in both plant and animal cells.

Correct Answer: C) Catalyzing chemical reactions

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Correct Answer: A) Telophase I

Telophase I is the stage in meiosis when two haploid cells are formed after homologous chromosomes separate.

Correct Answer: B) Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins before they are sent to their destination within or outside the cell.

Correct Answer: B) Osmosis

Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.

Correct Answer: C) Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome, where it directs protein synthesis.

Correct Answer: B) Frameshift mutation

A frameshift mutation occurs when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted, causing a shift in the reading frame of the genetic sequence.

Correct Answer: C) Providing structural support and facilitating movement

The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell and helps with cell movement and intracellular transport.

Correct Answer: D) Facilitated diffusion

Facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move molecules across a membrane without energy, whereas active transport requires energy.

Correct Answer: C) Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, store and transmit genetic information. Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids serve other functions.

Correct Answer: B) Metaphase

In metaphase, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell, preparing for separation in the next phase.

Correct Answer: C) Binary fission

Binary fission is a method of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells, where the cell divides to produce two genetically identical offspring.

Correct Answer: C) Ionic bond

Ionic bonds form when one atom transfers electrons to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Correct Answer: B) The physical expression of a trait in an organism

A phenotype is the observable physical traits of an organism, while the genetic makeup is referred to as the genotype.