C190 Introduction to Biology Practice Questions - Set 2 - Part 2

Correct Answer: B) Lysosomes

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste and worn-out organelles.

Correct Answer: B) To absorb light energy

Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

Correct Answer: C) Meiosis

Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid gametes through two rounds of cell division, contributing to genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.

Correct Answer: C) Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration directly requires oxygen and produces the most ATP during the electron transport chain, which occurs in the mitochondria.

Correct Answer: A) Centrosome

The centrosome is responsible for organizing the microtubules during mitosis and forming the spindle apparatus that helps separate chromosomes.

Correct Answer: B) Providing a quick source of energy

Carbohydrates are the primary source of quick energy for living organisms, while lipids store long-term energy, and proteins and nucleic acids serve other functions.

Correct Answer: B) Mitochondria

Mitochondria produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration, earning them the nickname "powerhouse of the cell."

Correct Answer: C) The cytoplasm divides, forming two new cells

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two daughter cells. Chromosome separation occurs during anaphase, and alignment happens in metaphase.

Correct Answer: C) Simple diffusion

Simple diffusion refers to the passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without the need for energy.

Correct Answer: B) Starch

Starch is a polysaccharide, a long chain of glucose molecules, used by plants for energy storage. Glucose is a monosaccharide, and amino acids and glycerol are components of proteins and lipids, respectively.

Correct Answer: A) Mitosis

Mitosis is responsible for growth and repair in multicellular organisms by producing two identical daughter cells. Meiosis is used for producing gametes in sexual reproduction.

Correct Answer: B) Sister chromatids are pulled apart

During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite sides of the cell, preparing for cell division.

Correct Answer: C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is involved in synthesizing proteins destined for export from the cell.

Correct Answer: C) Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome during the process of translation, where they are assembled into proteins.

Correct Answer: B) ATP

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular functions, such as active transport and muscle contraction.

Correct Answer: B) Organ

An organ is made up of multiple tissues working together to perform a specific function, such as the heart or lungs.

Correct Answer: B) Crossing over

Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis, allowing homologous chromosomes to exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity.

Correct Answer: A) Frameshift mutation

A frameshift mutation occurs when a nucleotide is inserted or deleted, causing a shift in the reading frame of the genetic sequence.

Correct Answer: C) Providing structural support and facilitating movement

The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell and helps with cell movement and intracellular transport.

Correct Answer: B) Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis where the cell engulfs large particles, such as bacteria, by surrounding them with the plasma membrane.