C190 Practice Questions | WGU Study Guide

Question 21: Which of the following is an example of passive transport?

A) Active transport

B) Facilitated diffusion

C) Endocytosis

D) Exocytosis

Question 22: Which term refers to a solution that causes water to move out of a cell, resulting in the cell shrinking?

A) Isotonic

B) Hypertonic

C) Hypotonic

D) Equitonic

Question 23: What structure do prokaryotic cells lack that eukaryotic cells have?

A) DNA

B) Ribosomes

C) Plasma membrane

D) Nucleus

Question 24: Which molecule is produced as a result of fermentation in muscle cells during anaerobic respiration?

A) Lactic acid

B) Carbon dioxide

C) Glucose

D) Water

Question 25: Which stage of the cell cycle involves the separation of duplicated chromosomes?

A) G1 phase

B) Mitosis

C) Cytokinesis

D) S phase

Question 26: Which process describes the movement of water across a membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration?

A) Active transport

B) Osmosis

C) Simple diffusion

D) Facilitated diffusion

Question 27: Which of the following terms refers to an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment?

A) Evolution

B) Fitness

C) Natural selection

D) Adaptation

Question 28: Which process generates two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell?

A) Mitosis

B) Meiosis

C) Binary fission

D) Contextual reproduction

Question 29: What molecule is responsible for carrying genetic instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

A) DNA

B) tRNA

C) mRNA

D) rRNA

Question 30: Which process is responsible for creating genetic variation through the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?

A) Fertilization

B) Crossing over

C) Independent assortment

D) Replication

Question 31: Which organelle serves as the site of protein synthesis?

A) Golgi apparatus

B) Ribosomes

C) Mitochondria

D) Lysosomes

Question 32: Which molecule serves as the primary carrier of energy in cells?

A) Glucose

B) ATP

C) NADPH

D) Oxygen

Question 33: Which process involves the engulfing of large particles or cells by the cell membrane?

A) Exocytosis

B) Osmosis

C) Phagocytosis

D) Simple diffusion

Question 34: What is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

A) Condensing chromosomes

B) Aligning chromosomes at the metaphase plate

C) Separating sister chromatids

D) Forming the nuclear membrane

Question 35: Which of the following macromolecules stores genetic information in cells?

A) Lipids

B) Carbohydrates

C) Nucleic acids

D) Proteins

Question 36: Which structure in plant cells is responsible for maintaining turgor pressure and storing nutrients?

A) Chloroplast

B) Mitochondrion

C) Vacuole

D) Ribosome

Question 37: Which type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein?

A) Frameshift mutation

B) Silent mutation

C) Nonsense mutation

D) Missense mutation

Question 38: What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

A) Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

B) Carrying genetic information

C) Catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds

D) Regulating the cell cycle

Question 39: Which structure in eukaryotic cells is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins?

A) Nucleus

B) Golgi apparatus