C190 Introduction to Biology Practice Questions - Set 4 - Part 2

Correct Answer: B) DNA

DNA stores the genetic information required for the growth, development, and reproduction of all living organisms. RNA plays a role in protein synthesis and other cellular processes.

Correct Answer: B) 3:1 phenotypic ratio

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals, the phenotypic ratio of dominant to recessive traits is 3:1, with three showing the dominant trait and one showing the recessive trait.

Correct Answer: C) Electron transport chain

The electron transport chain, the final step of cellular respiration, produces the majority of ATP by transferring electrons through a series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Correct Answer: B) The bond between sodium and chlorine in table salt

An ionic bond forms when one atom transfers electrons to another, as in the bond between sodium and chlorine in NaCl (table salt).

Correct Answer: B) It carries electrons to the electron transport chain

NADH carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they are used to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Correct Answer: B) Allele

An allele is a specific version of a gene that determines particular traits, such as different eye colors or blood types. Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, which includes its alleles.

Correct Answer: B) Oxygen

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, water is split, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. These reactions also produce ATP and NADPH, which are used in the Calvin cycle.

Correct Answer: B) Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus processes, modifies, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.

Correct Answer: B) Incomplete dominance

In incomplete dominance, the offspring exhibit a blend of parental traits, such as a flower that is pink when one parent is red and the other is white.

Correct Answer: B) Proteins

Proteins, specifically enzymes, catalyze biochemical reactions in cells, speeding up chemical processes without being consumed in the reaction.

Correct Answer: C) The cytoplasm is divided, forming two new cells

Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm, resulting in two new daughter cells. This process occurs after mitosis.

Correct Answer: B) Carbon dioxide is converted into glucose

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose during photosynthesis.

Correct Answer: B) Starch

Starch is a polysaccharide made up of many glucose molecules. It is used by plants to store energy, while glucose is a monosaccharide, and amino acids and glycerol are components of proteins and lipids, respectively.

Correct Answer: C) Generating ATP through cellular respiration

The mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse" of the cell because they generate ATP, the cell's energy currency, through the process of cellular respiration.

Correct Answer: C) tRNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Correct Answer: B) Carbon dioxide is converted into glucose

The Calvin cycle converts carbon dioxide into glucose using ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions.

Correct Answer: B) Starch

Starch is a polysaccharide made up of many glucose molecules and used by plants to store energy.

Correct Answer: C) Generating ATP through cellular respiration

The mitochondria are known as the "powerhouse" of the cell because they generate ATP, the cell's energy currency, through the process of cellular respiration.

Correct Answer: C) tRNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Correct Answer: B) The nuclear envelope breaks down

During prophase, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, and the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, preparing the cell for mitosis.