C190 Introduction to Biology Practice Questions - Set 5 - Part 1

Correct Answer: B) Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps maintain cell shape, supports cellular movement, and aids in intracellular transport.

Correct Answer: B) DNA replication

The S phase (synthesis phase) of the cell cycle is when the DNA is replicated, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genetic material.

Correct Answer: B) mRNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome, where it directs the synthesis of proteins.

Correct Answer: C) Anaphase

In anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each new cell will have an identical set of chromosomes.

Correct Answer: B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying harmful substances in the cell, while the rough ER is involved in protein synthesis.

Correct Answer: B) Codominance

In codominance, both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype, such as in individuals with AB blood type, where both A and B antigens are expressed.

Correct Answer: B) Pyruvate

Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.

Correct Answer: B) Light-dependent reactions

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis produce ATP and NADPH to be used in the Calvin cycle.

Correct Answer: B) Haploid

A haploid cell has only one complete set of chromosomes, which is characteristic of gametes (sperm and egg cells). Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes.

Correct Answer: B) Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down

During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope breaks down to allow the chromosomes to move freely.

Correct Answer: C) Electron transport chain

The electron transport chain generates the majority of ATP during cellular respiration by transferring electrons through a series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Correct Answer: B) Frameshift mutation

A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted, altering the reading frame of the gene.

Correct Answer: D) Forming the structure of the ribosome and facilitating protein synthesis

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a key structural component of ribosomes and helps facilitate the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Correct Answer: A) Glucose

Glucose is a monosaccharide, the simplest form of carbohydrate. Sucrose is a disaccharide, and starch and cellulose are polysaccharides.

Correct Answer: C) Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Correct Answer: C) They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy

Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions, allowing reactions to occur more quickly without being consumed in the process.

Correct Answer: B) Anaphase II

In Anaphase II of meiosis, sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles.

Correct Answer: B) Cell membrane

The cell membrane is selectively permeable and controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining the internal environment.

Correct Answer: C) NADH

NADH carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they are used to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Correct Answer: B) Phenotype

The phenotype refers to the observable traits of an organism, such as height or flower color, that result from the interaction between its genotype and the environment.