C190 Introduction to Biology Practice Questions - Set 5 - Part 2

Correct Answer: B) Carbon dioxide is converted into glucose

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Correct Answer: C) Generating ATP

Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration, providing the energy needed for various cellular functions.

Correct Answer: A) Law of Segregation

The Law of Segregation states that during meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate so that each gamete receives only one allele for each gene.

Correct Answer: B) Golgi apparatus

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for export from the cell or for use within the cell.

Correct Answer: B) Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without the use of energy.

Correct Answer: B) Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, where they are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain.

Correct Answer: B) Oxygen

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, water is split, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

Correct Answer: B) Nonsense mutation

A nonsense mutation introduces a stop codon prematurely in the mRNA sequence, resulting in the early termination of protein synthesis.

Correct Answer: C) Forming the structure of the ribosome and facilitating protein synthesis

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a key structural component of ribosomes and helps facilitate the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Correct Answer: A) Glucose

Glucose is a monosaccharide, the simplest form of carbohydrate. Sucrose is a disaccharide, and starch and cellulose are polysaccharides.

Correct Answer: C) Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Correct Answer: C) They speed up reactions and are not consumed

Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower the activation energy required for reactions, allowing them to proceed more quickly without being consumed in the process.

Correct Answer: B) Metaphase I

In Metaphase I, homologous chromosomes align at the center of the cell, preparing for separation.

Correct Answer: B) Providing energy for cellular functions

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency in cells, providing energy for various processes such as active transport, cell division, and muscle contraction.

Correct Answer: B) Vacuole

The vacuole in plant cells stores water, nutrients, and waste products, and it helps maintain turgor pressure, which provides structural support to the cell.

Correct Answer: B) Crossing over

Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis, allowing homologous chromosomes to exchange genetic material, which increases genetic diversity.

Correct Answer: B) Genotype

The genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including the alleles it possesses, which determines its phenotype.

Correct Answer: B) Fermentation

Fermentation is an anaerobic process that generates ATP without oxygen by converting glucose into lactic acid or ethanol.

Correct Answer: C) tRNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, where they are assembled into proteins based on the instructions from mRNA.

Correct Answer: B) S phase

The S phase (synthesis phase) is when DNA replication occurs, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genome.