C191 Operating Systems for Programmers Practice Questions - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: It can cause the convoy effect, where shorter processes are delayed by longer ones

FCFS scheduling can result in the convoy effect, where longer processes hold up shorter ones, leading to inefficient CPU utilization and longer waiting times for shorter jobs.

Correct Answer: A condition where multiple processes read and write shared data simultaneously, leading to inconsistent results

A race condition occurs when the outcome of processes depends on the order in which instructions are executed, leading to incorrect or unpredictable results when processes access shared data concurrently.

Correct Answer: To control access to shared resources

A monitor is a high-level synchronization construct that provides mutual exclusion and condition synchronization, ensuring that only one process accesses shared resources at a time.

Correct Answer: It must process tasks within a strict deadline

A real-time system is designed to respond to inputs or events within a guaranteed time frame, ensuring that tasks are completed within specific deadlines.

Correct Answer: It creates a new process by duplicating the calling process

The fork() system call creates a new process by duplicating the calling process. The new process (child) gets a copy of the parent process's memory space, but it is an independent process.

Correct Answer: A method for user-level processes to request services from the operating system

A system call is a mechanism that allows a user-level process to request services or resources (such as I/O operations or memory management) from the operating system.

Correct Answer: The process continues executing other tasks while the I/O operation is still in progress

In non-blocking I/O, the process can continue executing without waiting for the I/O operation to complete. It is useful for scenarios where the process needs to remain responsive while waiting for data.

Correct Answer: When a process is indefinitely denied access to required resources

Starvation occurs when a process is continuously overlooked by the resource allocator, and as a result, it is never able to gain access to the resources it needs to proceed.

Correct Answer: To replace the current process image with a new program

The exec() system call replaces the current process image with a new program, allowing a process to run a different program within the same process space.

Correct Answer: The CPU switches from one process to another by saving the state of the current process and loading the state of the next process

Context switching involves the CPU saving the current state (registers, program counter) of a process and restoring the state of the next process, allowing multiple processes to share CPU time.