C207 Data-Driven Decision Making Practice Questions - Set 2 - Part 2

Correct Answer: Something is missing from the data, such as a survey response

Omission error happens when important information is missing from the dataset, such as a survey response not being included.

Correct Answer: Single-blind study

In a single-blind study, the participants do not know whether they are receiving the treatment or are part of the control group, preventing bias in responses.

Correct Answer: Data that measures the order or rank of items

Ordinal data ranks items in order but does not indicate the magnitude of difference between them, such as ranking first, second, or third.

Correct Answer: Data that can take any value within a given range

Continuous data is measured on a continuous scale, allowing for fractional values, such as weight, height, or time.

Correct Answer: Quality control

Quality control is the process of monitoring and correcting errors in a product or service to ensure that it meets specified standards.

Correct Answer: The participants, the researchers, and the data collectors

In a triple-blind study, none of the participants, researchers, or data collectors know which group is receiving the treatment, reducing potential bias.

Correct Answer: Has a meaningful zero point

Ratio data has all the properties of interval data, but it also has a true zero point, meaning that zero represents the absence of the measured quantity.

Correct Answer: Measure how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean

A z-score indicates how far a particular data point is from the mean of the dataset, measured in terms of standard deviations.

Correct Answer: Show relationships or correlations between two continuous variables

A scatter diagram plots two continuous variables on a graph to visually display any potential relationship or correlation between them.

Correct Answer: The statement that there is no difference between groups

The null hypothesis posits that there is no effect or difference between groups, serving as the baseline assumption for statistical testing.

Correct Answer: Test the null hypothesis

A test statistic is a value used in hypothesis testing to compare the sample data to what would be expected under the null hypothesis.

Correct Answer: Performance measurements over time

A run chart tracks performance data across time, helping to uncover trends, cycles, or patterns in the process being measured.

Correct Answer: The proportion of times the true parameter falls within the confidence interval if the test is repeated

The confidence level reflects the percentage of times the true population parameter would fall within the calculated confidence interval if the test were repeated multiple times.

Correct Answer: Test the independence of categorical variables

The Chi-squared test is used to examine whether two categorical variables are independent or if there is an association between them.

Correct Answer: Standard deviation

Standard deviation quantifies the dispersion or spread of data points around the mean, indicating how much the values in a dataset vary from each other.

Correct Answer: Assumes there is a difference between groups

The alternative hypothesis posits that there is a difference between groups or that a sample has changed, serving as the opposite of the null hypothesis.

Correct Answer: A value calculated from sample data to test a hypothesis

A test statistic is a numerical value derived from sample data that is used in hypothesis testing to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis.

Correct Answer: Display the distribution of continuous data

A histogram uses vertical bars to show how data is distributed across a continuous range, making it ideal for visualizing the frequency of data points.

Correct Answer: The value below which a certain percentage of the data falls

A percentile indicates the value below which a specified percentage of the data in a dataset falls, such as the 90th percentile being the value below which 90% of the data points fall.

Correct Answer: Determine the likelihood of all events occurring together

The multiplication principle calculates the probability that two or more independent events will occur together by multiplying their individual probabilities.