C273 Introduction to Sociology Practice Questions - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Mechanical Solidarity

Mechanical solidarity leads to high social integration, as people share tasks and values. Industrialization introduces organic solidarity, characterized by interdependence rather than unity.

Correct Answer: An agent of socialization

Family is considered a primary agent of socialization, shaping early beliefs, values, and behaviors. It’s not primarily economic or competitive in this context.

Correct Answer: Herbert Spencer

Spencer is regarded as the second founder of sociology and introduced "survival of the fittest" to social theory. Marx, Weber, and Durkheim each developed other core theories.

Correct Answer: Bureaucracy

A bureaucracy is a structured organization with defined levels of authority and specialized roles, often to ensure efficiency and accountability.

Correct Answer: Accepted means to achieve them

Strain theory posits that deviance arises when individuals cannot achieve societal goals through accepted means, leading to alternative behaviors.

Correct Answer: Labels society places on individuals

Labeling theory holds that deviance arises from societal labels, which individuals may internalize, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Correct Answer: Gemeinschaft

Gemeinschaft is characterized by close, personal relationships typical of small communities, unlike the impersonal relationships of Gesellschaft societies.

Correct Answer: Authority

Milgram’s experiment revealed that authority figures can strongly influence people to act against personal beliefs, showing obedience’s power.

Correct Answer: Functionalism

Functionalism views stratification as necessary for filling key societal roles. Conflict theory sees it as a source of inequality, and labeling theory focuses on the effects of societal labels.

Correct Answer: Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when an expectation leads to behavior that makes the prediction come true, unlike a stereotype or anomie.