C273 Introduction to Sociology Practice Questions - Set 3 - Part 2

Test your knowledge of Introduction to Sociology concepts with these practice questions. Each question includes detailed explanations to help you understand the correct answers.

Question 21: Herbert Spencer’s idea that society evolves to allow the “fittest” members to survive is associated with what concept?

a) Social Darwinism

b) Conflict Theory

c) Symbolic Interactionism

d) Bureaucratic Theory

Question 22: Which type of social group is characterized by close, personal, and enduring relationships?

a) Aggregate

b) In-group

c) Primary Group

d) Out-group

Question 23: The “iron law of oligarchy” refers to what phenomenon within organizations?

a) Greater member participation

b) Concentration of power in a few elite members

c) Decrease in efficiency

d) Increased transparency

Question 24: According to conflict theorists, what is the main driver behind social change?

a) Cooperation among classes

b) Invention of new technology

c) Competition and inequality

d) Development of cultural norms

Question 25: The sociological term “role strain” refers to what experience?

a) Difficulty balancing multiple roles simultaneously

b) Conflict between different social roles

c) Stress within a single social role due to competing expectations

d) Confusion about social norms

Question 26: Which type of solidarity, according to Durkheim, characterizes modern, industrial societies with specialized labor?

a) Mechanical Solidarity

b) Structural Solidarity

c) Organic Solidarity

d) Functional Solidarity

Question 27: In sociological research, what does a stratified random sample aim to achieve?

a) Equal chance for each individual to be selected

b) Representation from all subgroups of a population

c) Selection of random participants across a population

d) Selection from specific subgroups only

Question 28: A society that functions with impersonal relationships and a focus on individual accomplishments is known as what type?

a) Gemeinschaft

b) Gesellschaft

c) Mechanical Solidarity

d) Cultural Society

Question 29: Sociologists use what term to describe a group’s way of thinking and doing, including its beliefs, values, and norms?

a) Socialization

b) Culture

c) Institutions

d) Social Structure

Question 30: Who developed the theory of social integration, which explains how individuals bond with society?

a) Karl Marx

b) Emile Durkheim

c) Max Weber

d) George Herbert Mead

Question 31: The sociological concept of “labeling theory” is primarily concerned with what?

a) The effects of social control on deviance

b) The impact of cultural beliefs on behavior

c) The influence of labels on individuals’ self-identity and behavior

d) How symbols shape social interactions

Question 32: A person's belief in their own abilities, as shaped by their social interactions, is part of which sociological concept?

a) Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

b) Social Identity

c) Looking-Glass Self

d) Cultural Reflection

Question 33: Which term describes society’s expectations that influence how individuals perform their roles?

a) Norms

b) Values

c) Role Expectations

d) Socialization

Question 34: According to Marx, the ruling class maintains power by controlling what key aspect of society?

a) Education

b) Social Norms

c) Means of Production

d) Religion

Question 35: Which term refers to the arrangement of people in a society based on social class, power, and wealth?

a) Social Mobility

b) Social Stratification

c) Social Integration

d) Social Assimilation

Question 36: Durkheim’s concept of “collective conscience” is most closely associated with which type of society?

a) Gesellschaft

b) Industrial

c) Gemeinschaft

d) Postindustrial

Question 37: What sociological concept refers to the shared norms and values that bond a community together?

a) Collective Conscience

b) Group Solidarity

c) Social Integration

d) Symbolic Interaction

Question 38: The “Protestant Ethic” is associated with which social theorist?

a) Karl Marx

b) Max Weber

c) Emile Durkheim

d) Herbert Spencer

Question 39: According to Durkheim, individuals in modern societies are more likely to rely on each other due to specialized roles. This concept is called what?

a) Mechanical Solidarity

b) Interdependent Bonds

c) Organic Solidarity

d) Individualism

Question 40: Which sociologist introduced the concept of “looking-glass self”?

a) Emile Durkheim

b) Charles Horton Cooley

c) Karl Marx

d) Herbert Spencer

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