C484 Organizational Behavior and Leadership Practice Questions - Set 1 - Part 1

Correct Answer: b) Encounter stage

The encounter stage is when new employees see what the organization is really like and may realize differences between expectations and reality. The prearrival stage involves learning before joining, and the metamorphosis stage is the final adjustment phase.

Correct Answer: c) Extroversion

Extroversion in the Big Five model describes sociable and outgoing individuals. Conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness relate to responsibility, cooperation, and curiosity, respectively.

Correct Answer: c) Collaborating

Collaborating aims for a win-win solution where both parties achieve their goals. Avoiding withdraws from conflict, competing aims to satisfy one's own interests, and compromising seeks a middle ground solution where both parties give up something.

Correct Answer: b) Hindsight bias

Hindsight bias occurs when people believe, after an outcome is known, that they 'knew it all along.' This bias differs from anchoring, availability, and randomness errors, which involve other forms of cognitive shortcuts or biases.

Correct Answer: a) Groupthink

Groupthink occurs when the desire for consensus overrides critical thinking. Groupshift reflects a change in the group’s decision stance, social loafing involves reduced effort in group settings, and cohesiveness refers to members' attraction to the group.

Correct Answer: b) Conscientiousness

Conscientiousness in the Big Five model describes individuals who are responsible and organized. Agreeableness refers to a cooperative and trusting nature, emotional stability relates to calmness versus anxiety, and openness involves curiosity and creativity.

Correct Answer: a) Theory X

Theory X assumes that employees dislike work and need to be closely supervised. Theory Y assumes employees are self-motivated, Equity Theory focuses on fairness, and Self-Determination Theory considers the effects of intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation.

Correct Answer: b) Psychological contract

A psychological contract is the unspoken, informal agreement of mutual expectations. Unlike a formal employment contract, it’s based on perceptions of what each party owes the other.

Correct Answer: c) Norming

In the norming stage, group members develop closeness and cohesiveness. Forming is the initial stage with uncertainty, storming involves conflict, and performing is when the group is fully functional.

Correct Answer: b) Need for achievement

The need for achievement involves striving to excel and improving skills, which can be fulfilled by increased training opportunities. The need for power is about influence, affiliation involves social bonds, and self-actualization pertains to personal growth.

Correct Answer: c) Personality-Job Fit Theory

Personality-Job Fit Theory proposes that alignment between personality and occupational environment impacts satisfaction. The Big Five Model categorizes traits, while Person-Organization Fit focuses on alignment between values and organizations.

Correct Answer: b) Anchoring bias

Anchoring bias occurs when individuals fixate on initial information. Confirmation bias involves seeking information that aligns with prior beliefs, availability bias relies on readily available information, and randomness error assumes patterns in random events.

Correct Answer: a) Deviant workplace behavior

Deviant workplace behavior involves actions that breach norms and can harm the organization. Groupthink refers to consensus without critical thinking, social loafing is reduced individual effort, and conformity is behavior alignment with group norms.

Correct Answer: c) Problem-solving teams

Problem-solving teams meet regularly to discuss improvements, but do not manage themselves as self-managed work teams do. Cross-functional teams have members from different areas, and virtual teams use technology to collaborate remotely.

Correct Answer: b) Escalation of commitment

Escalation of commitment occurs when individuals persist in a decision despite negative feedback. The sunk cost fallacy relates to resources already invested, anchoring bias is the focus on initial information, and selective perception involves filtering information.

Correct Answer: b) Consistency

Consistency refers to the regularity of behavior across situations. Distinctiveness shows different behavior in various contexts, consensus is behavior shared among people in similar situations, and conformity aligns with group norms.

Correct Answer: b) Machiavellianism

Machiavellianism involves emotional detachment and pragmatism. Narcissism focuses on self-importance, self-monitoring is about adapting to external situations, and core self-evaluation pertains to personal worth and competence.

Correct Answer: a) Perceived conflict

Perceived conflict is the awareness of potential conflict, while felt conflict involves emotional involvement. The behavior stage is the active manifestation of conflict, and the outcome stage includes the resolution or result of the conflict.

Correct Answer: b) Organizational climate

Organizational climate reflects members’ shared perceptions about the organization. Culture refers to shared values and beliefs, social identity is the sense of group belonging, and cohesion is the bond among group members.

Correct Answer: c) Reinforcement Theory

Reinforcement Theory states that behavior depends on its consequences. Cognitive Evaluation Theory is about extrinsic rewards reducing intrinsic motivation, Self-Determination Theory focuses on motivation types, and Equity Theory is about fairness.