C484 Organizational Behavior and Leadership Practice Questions - Set 1 - Part 2

Correct Answer: b) Perception

Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to understand the environment. Attribution refers to explaining behavior, selective perception is filtering information, and stereotyping is judging based on group characteristics.

Correct Answer: b) Confirmation bias

Confirmation bias involves favoring information that aligns with existing beliefs. Anchoring bias focuses on initial information, hindsight bias is the “knew-it-all-along” effect, and availability bias is relying on easily recalled information.

Correct Answer: d) Self-actualization

Self-actualization is the drive to fulfill one's potential. Safety involves security, social needs focus on relationships, and esteem pertains to self-worth.

Correct Answer: d) Openness to experience

Openness to experience relates to creativity and curiosity. Agreeableness describes cooperation, emotional stability refers to calmness, and conscientiousness involves responsibility.

Correct Answer: a) Rational decision-making model

The rational decision-making model prescribes optimal decision-making. Intuitive decision-making relies on experience, bounded rationality simplifies choices, and groupthink relates to consensus without critical thinking.

Correct Answer: b) Storming

The storming stage is characterized by conflict among group members. Forming is the initial phase, norming involves cohesion, and performing is the productive stage.

Correct Answer: c) Big Five Model

The Big Five Model assesses personality based on five traits. Personality-Job Fit Theory links job fit to satisfaction, Person-Organization Fit aligns values, and Attribution Theory explains behavior causation.

Correct Answer: a) Organizational justice

Organizational justice encompasses fairness in outcomes, processes, and interactions. Distributive justice focuses on outcomes, procedural justice on processes, and interactional justice on interpersonal treatment.

Correct Answer: b) Hygiene factors

Hygiene factors are job-related aspects that prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate. Motivators drive satisfaction, while lower- and high-order needs refer to Maslow's hierarchy.

Correct Answer: c) Identification-based trust

Identification-based trust stems from mutual understanding. Cognitive trust is based on knowledge, affective trust on emotional bonds, and calculative trust on logical assessment.

Correct Answer: b) Transformational leadership

Transformational leaders inspire followers to prioritize the organization’s goals. Transactional leaders focus on task fulfillment, servant leaders on follower growth, and charismatic leaders on personal charm.

Correct Answer: a) Impression management

Impression management involves shaping others' perceptions intentionally. Political behavior affects distribution, power tactics translate power into actions, and defensive behavior avoids blame.

Correct Answer: c) Employees seek responsibility

Theory Y suggests employees are motivated and seek responsibility, while Theory X assumes they are lazy, dislike work, and need coercion.

Correct Answer: c) Availability bias

Availability bias relies on easily recalled information, whereas anchoring focuses on initial data, confirmation bias seeks consistency with beliefs, and hindsight bias involves retroactive foresight.

Correct Answer: b) Socialization

Socialization is the process of adopting organizational norms. Institutionalization is the organization's independent existence, enculturation involves cultural learning, and identification aligns with group values.

Correct Answer: a) Internally caused

Internally caused behaviors are seen as within an individual’s control. Externally caused behaviors are influenced by the environment, while distinctiveness and consistency refer to behavior patterns.

Correct Answer: c) Situational Leadership Theory

Situational Leadership Theory posits that a leader's effectiveness varies with followers' readiness. Path-Goal Theory assists followers in goal attainment, transformational leadership inspires followers, and Leader-Member Exchange creates in-groups.

Correct Answer: c) Groupshift

Groupshift describes a change toward a more extreme position post-discussion. Groupthink discourages alternative views, social loafing reduces effort, and cohesiveness is group unity.

Correct Answer: a) Distributive justice

Distributive justice focuses on fairness in outcomes. Procedural justice examines fairness in processes, interactional justice addresses interpersonal treatment, and organizational justice encompasses all three.

Correct Answer: b) Instrumentality

Instrumentality is the belief that performance will yield outcomes. Expectancy is belief in effort leading to performance, valence is the value of outcomes, and motivation is the drive to achieve goals.