D199 Introduction to Physical and Human Geography - Set 3 - Part 2

Correct Answer: The relationship between two variables

A scatterplot is a type of graph used to display the relationship between two quantitative variables, often to identify trends or correlations.

Correct Answer: A relationship where both variables increase together

A positive linear association occurs when an increase in one variable corresponds with an increase in the other, producing an upward-sloping line on a scatterplot.

Correct Answer: The midpoint of the data, around which the data is concentrated

The center represents the point of greatest data concentration in a distribution, often close to the mean or median.

Correct Answer: A smoothed-out version of a frequency polygon

A density curve is a smooth approximation of a histogram or frequency polygon, used to show the overall shape of data distribution.

Correct Answer: Categorical

Dog breeds are an example of a categorical variable, as they represent distinct, qualitative categories without numerical values.

Correct Answer: Assuming characteristics of individuals based on the characteristics of the group

An ecological fallacy occurs when one incorrectly infers individual characteristics from aggregated group data.

Correct Answer: The ability of a state to govern its own affairs independently

Sovereignty refers to the independent authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.

Correct Answer: The outer layer of Earth, including the crust and upper mantle

The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of Earth, comprising the crust and the upper mantle, where tectonic activity occurs.

Correct Answer: A region characterized by measurable boundaries and uniform features

Formal regions have well-defined boundaries and consistent features, such as states or countries.

Correct Answer: To produce energy through photosynthesis

Producers, primarily plants, convert solar energy into food through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food chain.

Correct Answer: The process of changing from an economy based on agriculture to one based on manufacturing

Industrialization involves a shift in economic focus from agricultural production to large-scale manufacturing and industrial output.

Correct Answer: An industry where the final product weighs less than the raw materials

Weight-losing industries involve products that weigh less after processing than the raw materials, such as mining or lumber.

Correct Answer: A state with smaller units of government that share power with a central government

In a federal state, governing power is shared between a central authority and smaller regional governments.

Correct Answer: The movement of people from rural areas to cities

Urbanization refers to the migration of people from rural areas to urban centers, often resulting in the expansion of cities.

Correct Answer: The value of goods and services produced by a country and income earned abroad

GNI includes both the domestic production of goods and services and the income earned from international investments and companies.

Correct Answer: Money sent by a migrant to their home country

Remittances are funds transferred by migrants back to their families or communities in their home countries.

Correct Answer: The loss of skilled professionals from one country due to emigration

Brain drain occurs when highly educated or skilled individuals emigrate from their home country, often seeking better job opportunities abroad.

Correct Answer: The practice of one nation taking control of another territory and its resources

Colonialism involves the control and exploitation of a foreign territory by a more powerful nation, often through settlement or economic domination.

Correct Answer: The current geological epoch marked by significant human impact on Earth's systems

The Anthropocene Era refers to the period in which human activities, such as industrialization and deforestation, have profoundly affected Earth's geology and ecosystems.

Correct Answer: The method used to find a location by calculating distances from known points

Triangulation is the mathematical process used by GPS to determine the exact location of an object or person by measuring the distance from three or more known locations.