D202 Human Growth and Development - Set 1 - Part 2

Correct Answer: Development that proceeds from the midline outward

Proximodistal development refers to the pattern where growth and development start from the central parts of the body and move outward toward the limbs.

Correct Answer: Processes used to take in information from the environment

Sensory development refers to the way infants and children process sensory information such as sight, sound, touch, and taste from their surroundings.

Correct Answer: By the infants developing motor abilities

Sensory processes can be impacted by the development of motor skills, as these abilities enable children to explore and interact with their environment.

Correct Answer: It is related to improved infant, child, and maternal health and stronger immune systems

Proper nutrition supports overall health and development, including stronger immune systems, which are vital for infants, children, and mothers.

Correct Answer: A disease caused by protein deficiency

Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition caused by a severe deficiency in dietary protein, commonly affecting children after the birth of a sibling when breastfeeding stops.

Correct Answer: After the birth of another sibling

Kwashiorkor typically occurs after the birth of another sibling, as the older child is weaned off breast milk, leading to protein deficiency.

Correct Answer: Inherited building blocks that determine development

Genes are inherited units of DNA that serve as the building blocks that determine physical and behavioral traits during development.

Correct Answer: Nucleus makes a copy of chromosomes and splits into two cells

Mitosis is the process where a single cell divides into two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes.

Correct Answer: Chromosomes duplicate and divide twice, resulting in four cells

Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, essential for sexual reproduction.

Correct Answer: The sum total of inherited genes

Genotype refers to the complete set of genetic information inherited from an individuals parents.

Correct Answer: Features that are expressed

Phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits that result from the interaction of an individuals genotype with the environment.

Correct Answer: Genes that express themselves in the phenotype

Dominant genes are those that express their traits in the phenotype, even when only one copy is inherited from one parent.

Correct Answer: Genes that express themselves only when paired with a similar gene

Recessive genes require two copies (one from each parent) to express their traits in the phenotype.

Correct Answer: Sickle cell disease, Tay-Sachs disease, Tourette's syndrome, fragile X syndrome, hemophilia

These disorders are linked to specific genetic mutations and are inherited from one or both parents.

Correct Answer: An error in the number of chromosomes inherited

Chromosomal abnormalities occur when an individual inherits too many or too few chromosomes, leading to various developmental and health issues.

Correct Answer: Environmental factors that can cause disorders in infants

Teratogens are substances or environmental factors that can cause birth defects or developmental problems during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: Smoking, binge drinking, mercury exposure, rubella

Teratogens like smoking, alcohol consumption, exposure to mercury, and certain diseases such as rubella can lead to serious developmental issues in a fetus.

Correct Answer: Rapid growth of synapses in the brain

Synaptogenesis refers to the rapid creation of connections between neurons, which is particularly active during early brain development.

Correct Answer: The elimination of unnecessary synapses

Synaptic pruning is the process by which the brain eliminates excess or unused synaptic connections, allowing for more efficient neural functioning.

Correct Answer: Brain's ability to change and adapt

Neuroplasticity refers to the brains capacity to change and adapt in response to experience, learning, or injury.