D202 Human Growth and Development - Set 3 - Part 2

Correct Answer: A person's sense of self as a member of a particular gender

Gender identity refers to an individual's internal experience and sense of being male, female, or something else, which may not necessarily align with their biological sex.

Correct Answer: As a social construct created by cultural and societal norms

Scholars view gender as a concept shaped by cultural and societal expectations rather than something determined solely by biology.

Correct Answer: The way emotions change or remain constant across the human life span

Emotional development refers to the way individuals experience, express, and manage emotions as they grow and throughout their life span.

Correct Answer: The way humans learn to interact with one another

Social development refers to the process by which individuals learn to form relationships, communicate, and function within society.

Correct Answer: Exhibiting social smiling and responding with smiles to positive attention

Social engagement in infants often begins with behaviors like social smiling, where they respond positively to the smiles and attention of others.

Correct Answer: Around two months of age

Infants typically begin to exhibit social engagement, like smiling in response to others, around the age of two months.

Correct Answer: Two years earlier

Girls typically experience a developmental growth spurt two years earlier than boys, usually around ages 8 to 13.

Correct Answer: Brain development and experience

Improvements in motor abilities are closely tied to the brain's development and the childs experiences, such as learning new physical tasks.

Correct Answer: Brain-growth spurts

Increases in processing speed and reaction time during middle childhood and adolescence are primarily due to brain-growth spurts that enhance cognitive function.

Correct Answer: Better planning and coordination

Using both hemispheres of the brain helps improve planning, coordination, and problem-solving, as each hemisphere contributes different cognitive strengths.

Correct Answer: Reduced participation in school physical education and youth sports

A significant factor contributing to childhood obesity is the decline in physical activity, including reduced participation in physical education and organized sports.

Correct Answer: High blood pressure, insulin resistance, inflammation, depression, and poor academic performance

Childhood obesity is associated with a range of medical and cognitive issues, including high blood pressure, inflammation, and poor academic performance.

Correct Answer: It affects executive functioning, working memory, mental flexibility, and decision-making

Obesity has been shown to negatively impact brain functions related to executive processing, decision-making, and working memory.

Correct Answer: By eating a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids

Memory and cognitive skills can be enhanced by consuming omega-3-rich foods, which support brain health and function.

Correct Answer: Oblivobesity

The term "oblivobesity" refers to parents failure to recognize that their children are overweight or obese, often due to social and cultural norms.

Correct Answer: Being warm and supportive

Warmth and emotional support from parents, combined with healthy lifestyle changes, are crucial in helping overweight children develop healthier habits.

Correct Answer: Increasing their activity level

Encouraging physical activity is one of the most effective strategies to combat childhood obesity, promoting both physical and mental well-being.

Correct Answer: Diet and physical activity

The APA recommends that overweight children receive counseling on nutrition, physical activity, and strategies for improving their lifestyle and overall health.

Correct Answer: Puberty

Puberty is the developmental stage marked by rapid physical growth, sexual maturation, and significant changes in the body.

Correct Answer: 8 and 14

Puberty typically occurs between the ages of 8 and 14, with most children beginning the process during this time frame.