D278 Scripting and Programming Foundations - Set 4 - Part 1

Correct Answer: A named storage location holding a value that can change

A variable is a named location in memory that stores a value which can be read and modified during program execution.

Correct Answer: A named value that cannot be changed after it is set

A constant holds a value assigned once that cannot be modified afterward, protecting values that should remain fixed such as tax rates or mathematical constants.

Correct Answer: Integer

An integer stores whole numbers without a fractional part, making it the appropriate type for a count of whole years.

Correct Answer: Boolean

A Boolean data type holds only two possible values, true or false, and is used for conditions and logical decisions.

Correct Answer: Storing sequences of characters such as text

A string stores a sequence of characters representing text, such as names, messages, or any textual data.

Correct Answer: Stores the value on the right into the variable on the left

The single equals sign assigns the value of the right-hand expression to the variable on the left. Equality comparison typically uses == instead.

Correct Answer: ==

The double equals operator (==) compares two values and returns true if they are equal. A single equals sign performs assignment instead.

Correct Answer: The remainder after division

The modulus operator returns the remainder left after integer division, commonly used to test divisibility or to cycle values within a range.

Correct Answer: 2

17 divided by 5 equals 3 with a remainder of 2, so 17 % 5 evaluates to 2.

Correct Answer: Both conditions must be true

The logical AND operator returns true only when every operand evaluates to true. If any operand is false, the whole expression is false.

Correct Answer: At least one condition must be true

The logical OR operator returns true if at least one operand is true, and false only when every operand is false.

Correct Answer: Reverses a Boolean value

The NOT operator inverts a Boolean value, turning true into false and false into true.

Correct Answer: Executing code only when a condition is true

An if statement evaluates a condition and executes its block of code only when that condition is true, enabling conditional branching.

Correct Answer: Provides code to run when the if condition is false

The else clause specifies an alternative block of code that executes when the associated if condition evaluates to false.

Correct Answer: Testing an additional condition when previous ones were false

An else-if clause tests another condition when preceding conditions were false, allowing a chain of mutually exclusive alternatives.

Correct Answer: Selecting among many branches based on one value

A switch statement compares a single expression against multiple possible values and executes the matching branch, often clearer than a long if-else chain.

Correct Answer: A structure that repeats a block of code

A loop repeatedly executes a block of code, either a set number of times or while a condition remains true, avoiding duplicated code.

Correct Answer: When the number of iterations is known in advance

A for loop is best when the iteration count is known ahead of time, such as processing every element in a collection of known size.

Correct Answer: When repetition continues until a condition changes

A while loop repeats as long as its condition remains true, suiting situations where the number of iterations depends on runtime conditions.

Correct Answer: A loop whose exit condition is never satisfied

An infinite loop never terminates because its exit condition is never met, usually a bug caused by failing to update the controlling variable.