D278 Scripting and Programming Foundations - Set 4 - Part 2

Correct Answer: Immediately exits the loop

A break statement immediately terminates the enclosing loop and transfers control to the statement following it.

Correct Answer: Skips the rest of the current iteration and proceeds to the next

A continue statement skips the remaining statements in the current iteration and moves directly to the next iteration of the loop.

Correct Answer: A loop placed inside another loop

A nested loop is a loop contained within another loop. The inner loop completes all its iterations for each single iteration of the outer loop.

Correct Answer: An informal description of an algorithm in plain structured language

Pseudocode describes the logic of an algorithm using structured plain language, letting developers plan and communicate logic independently of any specific language syntax.

Correct Answer: A finite sequence of well-defined steps to solve a problem

An algorithm is a finite, ordered set of unambiguous steps that transforms input into a desired output, forming the logical basis of a program.

Correct Answer: Visually representing the steps and decisions in a process

A flowchart uses standard symbols to diagram the sequence of steps, decisions, and flow of control in a process or algorithm.

Correct Answer: A decision point

A diamond represents a decision where the flow branches based on a condition, typically with yes and no or true and false paths.

Correct Answer: Code violating the language's grammatical rules

A syntax error breaks the language's grammatical rules, such as a missing bracket or semicolon, and prevents the code from compiling or running.

Correct Answer: Code that runs but produces an incorrect result

A logic error produces syntactically valid code that runs but yields incorrect results because the underlying reasoning or formula is wrong.

Correct Answer: An error occurring while the program is executing

A runtime error occurs during execution, such as dividing by zero or accessing an invalid array index, causing the program to fail or crash.

Correct Answer: Finding and fixing defects in code

Debugging is the systematic process of locating, diagnosing, and correcting defects so the program behaves as intended.

Correct Answer: A marker pausing execution so state can be inspected

A breakpoint instructs the debugger to pause execution at a specific line so the developer can examine variable values and program state.

Correct Answer: Explaining code to human readers without affecting execution

Comments are ignored by the compiler or interpreter and exist to explain intent and reasoning to people reading or maintaining the code.

Correct Answer: A compiler translates the whole program before running; an interpreter executes line by line

A compiler translates the entire source program into machine code before execution, while an interpreter reads and executes the source statement by statement at runtime.

Correct Answer: The region of a program where a variable is accessible

Scope defines where in the program a variable can be referenced. Variables declared inside a block or function are typically not visible outside it.

Correct Answer: A variable accessible only within the function or block declaring it

A local variable exists only within the function or block where it is declared and is destroyed when that block finishes executing.

Correct Answer: A variable accessible from anywhere in the program

A global variable is declared outside any function and can be accessed throughout the program, though heavy use makes code harder to reason about and maintain.

Correct Answer: Converting a value from one data type to another

Type casting converts a value from one data type to another, such as turning a numeric string into an integer for arithmetic operations.

Correct Answer: The fractional part may be truncated, yielding an integer

Integer division in many languages discards the fractional portion, so 7 divided by 2 yields 3 rather than 3.5 unless a floating-point type is used.

Correct Answer: The order in which operators are evaluated in an expression

Operator precedence determines evaluation order in an expression, so multiplication is performed before addition unless parentheses change the grouping.