D316 IT Foundations - Set 1 - Part 2

Correct Answer: Faulty fuser

If the fuser isnt heating properly, toner wont be fully bonded to the paper, causing smudging.

Correct Answer: No

Correct Answer: An operating system that manages hardware and provides services for other programs

System software, such as an operating system, manages the computer's hardware resources and provides a platform on which application software runs. Applications like word processors, spreadsheets, and browsers are end-user programs that perform specific tasks and depend on the underlying system software to function.

Correct Answer: Integrity

The CIA triad stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. Integrity ensures that data is accurate, complete, and has not been altered by unauthorized parties. Confidentiality protects data from unauthorized disclosure, and availability ensures authorized users can access data when needed.

Correct Answer: 11

Binary 1011 is calculated as (1x8) + (0x4) + (1x2) + (1x1) = 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 11. Each position in a binary number represents a power of two, doubling from right to left.

Correct Answer: To uniquely identify each record in a table

A primary key is a field (or combination of fields) whose value uniquely identifies each record in a table, ensuring no two rows share the same key value. This allows records to be reliably referenced and relationships between tables to be established through foreign keys.

Correct Answer: SELECT

The SELECT statement is used to query and retrieve data from one or more tables in a relational database. INSERT adds new records, UPDATE modifies existing records, and DELETE removes records, but only SELECT reads and returns data.

Correct Answer: 1,000 bytes

Using the standard decimal (SI) definition, one kilobyte equals 1,000 bytes. The binary definition of 1,024 bytes is more precisely called a kibibyte (KiB), though many contexts still use kilobyte loosely to mean 1,024 bytes.

Correct Answer: To translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses

The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names, such as www.example.com, into the numerical IP addresses that computers use to locate and communicate with each other. Without DNS, users would have to memorize IP addresses instead of easy-to-remember names.

Correct Answer: Trojan horse

A Trojan horse appears to be legitimate or useful software but contains hidden malicious code that executes once installed. Unlike worms, Trojans do not self-replicate; they rely on tricking the user into running them, often to open a backdoor or steal data.

Correct Answer: FF

Decimal 255 converts to FF in hexadecimal, because F represents 15 and (15x16) + 15 = 240 + 15 = 255. This is why 255 is the maximum value of a single 8-bit byte and appears frequently in IP addressing and color codes.

Correct Answer: Entering a password and a code sent to your phone

Two-factor authentication combines two different categories of authentication factors, such as something you know (a password) and something you have (a one-time code on your phone). A username and password are both knowledge factors, so they only count as single-factor authentication.

Correct Answer: A LAN covers a small geographic area while a WAN spans large distances

A Local Area Network (LAN) connects devices within a limited geographic area such as a home, office, or building, while a Wide Area Network (WAN) connects networks across large distances, potentially spanning cities, countries, or the globe. The internet itself is the largest example of a WAN.

Correct Answer: ext4

ext4 (fourth extended filesystem) is the default and most widely used file system for modern Linux distributions. NTFS is native to Windows, APFS is used by macOS, and exFAT is a cross-platform format commonly used on removable flash drives.

Correct Answer: It allows multiple isolated operating systems to run on one physical machine

Virtualization uses a hypervisor to create multiple virtual machines, each running its own isolated operating system, on a single physical server. This improves hardware utilization, reduces costs, and allows workloads to be consolidated and managed more flexibly.

Correct Answer: SaaS (Software as a Service)

Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers fully functional applications, such as email or office suites, over the internet, with the provider managing all underlying infrastructure and software. IaaS provides raw computing resources, and PaaS provides a development platform, but neither delivers finished end-user applications.

Correct Answer: Verify the power cable and outlet are working

A logical troubleshooting methodology starts with the simplest and most likely causes before moving to complex or costly solutions. Verifying that the device is properly plugged in and that the outlet has power is a quick, non-destructive first step that resolves many no-power complaints before any hardware is replaced.

Correct Answer: DHCP

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically assigns IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and DNS server information to devices as they connect to a network. This eliminates the need for administrators to manually configure IP settings on every device.

Correct Answer: T9$kL2@vXp!

A strong password is long and combines uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special symbols without forming dictionary words or personal information. T9$kL2@vXp! meets these criteria, while the others use common words, keyboard patterns, or predictable personal details that are easily guessed or cracked.

Correct Answer: Temporary, fast-access working memory for active programs and data

Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile memory that temporarily holds the data and program instructions the CPU is actively using, allowing very fast read and write access. Because it is volatile, its contents are lost when power is removed, which is why permanent files are kept on storage drives instead.