D316 IT Foundations - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: A field

A field is a single attribute or column that stores one specific piece of information, such as a last name or phone number. A record (row) is a complete set of related fields describing one entity, and a table is a collection of records with the same field structure.

Correct Answer: 443

HTTPS, the secure version of HTTP, uses TCP port 443 by default. Standard unencrypted HTTP uses port 80, FTP uses port 21, and SMTP uses port 25. Knowing common port numbers helps in configuring firewalls and troubleshooting network services.

Correct Answer: To execute instructions and perform calculations

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component that carries out program instructions by performing arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations. Often called the brain of the computer, it processes the data that other components supply and manage.

Correct Answer: macOS

macOS is an operating system that manages hardware resources and provides an environment for running applications. Excel, Photoshop, and Chrome are application programs that run on top of an operating system to perform specific user tasks.

Correct Answer: To indicate the file type and which program should open it

A file extension is the suffix after the period in a filename that identifies the file's format or type, allowing the operating system to associate it with the appropriate application. For example, .docx opens in a word processor and .jpg opens in an image viewer.

Correct Answer: Switch

A network switch operates at Layer 2 (the data link layer) and uses MAC addresses to forward Ethernet frames only to the specific port where the destination device is connected. A router, by contrast, operates at Layer 3 and forwards traffic between networks using IP addresses.

Correct Answer: Systems and data are accessible to authorized users when needed

Availability ensures that information systems and data remain accessible and operational for authorized users whenever they are needed. Threats to availability include hardware failures, power outages, and denial-of-service attacks, which are mitigated through redundancy, backups, and reliable infrastructure.

Correct Answer: Terabyte

The order of storage units from smallest to largest is kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte. Each unit is approximately 1,000 (or 1,024 in binary) times larger than the one before it, so a terabyte is the largest of the four listed.

Correct Answer: Try loading a different website or clearing the browser cache

Because other applications reach the internet, the network connection itself is working, so the problem is likely isolated to the browser or the specific site. Trying a different website or clearing the browser cache is a quick, low-risk step that helps determine whether the issue is with one site, the browser, or something broader before taking more drastic action.

Correct Answer: Delivering computing resources and services over the internet on demand

Cloud computing delivers on-demand computing resources such as storage, servers, databases, and applications over the internet, typically on a pay-as-you-go basis. This lets organizations scale resources up or down without owning and maintaining their own physical hardware.