D337 Internet of Things (IoT) and Infrastructure - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Default or hardcoded credentials that are never changed

Many IoT devices ship with default or hardcoded credentials that users never change, allowing attackers to gain control easily. This has enabled large-scale IoT botnets.

Correct Answer: A network of compromised devices controlled by an attacker

A botnet is a collection of compromised devices under an attacker's control, often used to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks. Poorly secured IoT devices are frequent targets.

Correct Answer: The confidentiality of data as it travels across networks

Encryption transforms data so that only authorized parties with the key can read it, protecting confidentiality if the transmission is intercepted.

Correct Answer: Low-level software permanently programmed to control the hardware

Firmware is the low-level software embedded in a device that controls its hardware functions. Keeping firmware updated is essential for patching security vulnerabilities.

Correct Answer: They allow remote patching of vulnerabilities across many deployed devices

OTA updates let organizations remotely patch security flaws and add features across large fleets of deployed devices without physical access to each unit.

Correct Answer: Providing scalable storage, processing, and analytics for device data

Cloud platforms provide the scalable storage, computing power, and analytics needed to process large volumes of IoT data and deliver insights and device management at scale.

Correct Answer: Fog computing distributes processing closer to devices at the network edge

Fog computing places compute and storage resources in the network between devices and the cloud, reducing latency and bandwidth use for time-sensitive processing.

Correct Answer: A virtual model that mirrors a physical asset using real-time data

A digital twin is a virtual representation of a physical asset or process, continuously updated with sensor data, used for monitoring, simulation, and predictive maintenance.

Correct Answer: Using sensor data to service equipment before failure occurs

Predictive maintenance analyzes sensor data such as vibration and temperature to forecast failures and schedule service just before problems occur, reducing downtime and costs.

Correct Answer: Constrained processing power, memory, and battery capacity

Many IoT devices are designed for low cost and long battery life, resulting in limited CPU, memory, and power, which constrains onboard processing and cryptographic capability.